However, this is controversial, and more evidence is needed
For example, if its 1,000 mcg/mL, then 1 mL has 1,000 mcg of B12
It supports energy production at the cellular level and helps prevent conditions like anemia and nerve damage
The downstream effects most consistently described in the literature: induction of collagen I and III, elastin, and decorin synthesis (Maquart et al., FEBS Letters , 1988), upregulation of VEGF and basic FGF transcripts, induction of antioxidant defense genes including SOD2 and metallothionein isoforms, and modulation of the MMP-2 and TIMP-1/2 balance toward non-fibrotic remodeling
Before considering injections or surgery, many patients investigate non-surgical options