The harsh environment of the stomach often breaks down the glutathione molecule before it can ever be absorbed
Medical Considerations Low IGF-1 with symptoms of GH deficiency may warrant: GH stimulation testing Consideration of GH or peptide therapy under endocrinology or functional medicine guidance High IGF-1 may require: Acromegaly screening (IGF-1 + oral glucose tolerance GH suppression test) Adjustment of therapy dosages Cancer risk assessment and monitoring IGF-1, Longevity, and Health Span The relationship between IGF-1 and lifespan is U-shaped both extremes are associated with higher risk
Interestingly, the relatively higher abundance of polysaccharide-degrading taxa such as Prevotella in the duodenum compared to the jejunum and ileum may reflect passive transfer from the rumen rather than indigenous colonization, highlighting the role of the small intestine as a transitional zone in the digestive continuum 73
CrossRef From Obesity to Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Peripheral Tissues and in the Central Nervous System Francesca Marino, Lidia Petrella, Fabiano Cimmino, Amelia Pizzella, Antonietta Monda, Salvatore Allocca, Roberta Rotondo, Margherita DAngelo, Nadia Musco, Piera Iommelli, Angela Catapano, Carmela Bagnato, Barbara Paolini, Gina Cavaliere Biomolecules.2025
(yes, different syringe) He tested very low B12 before supplementing (though barely in range) and is having some cognitive decline, so this works for us