It makes up about one-third of the body's total protein content and is a primary component of your skin, bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments
The mechanisms include chronic low-grade inflammation, an altered gut microbiota, and often a calorie-dense but nutrient-poor diet
Changes in hormonal status affect metabolic response, and changes in metabolic status affect how hormone therapy presents and functions
A 2025 mechanistic review published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism showed that tirzepatide, which activates the GIP receptor, showed less BMD loss than expected for the weight loss achieved
The TRANSCEND-T2D-1 trial adds a second pressure point: 16.8% body weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes, a population that consistently underperforms on weight-loss endpoints with existing agents