glp-1 drugs and lupus Medications: A New Hope for Patients Advances in the treatment of

MHRA and FDA Regulatory Classifications The FDA defines peptides as amino acid chains containing 40 or fewer amino acids and regulates them as drugs rather than biologics

Rawson ES, Clarkson PM, Price TB, Miles MP

Alvarez L, Jara P, Snchez-Sabat E, Hierro L, Larrauri J, Daz MC, Camarena C, De la Vega A, Frauca E, Lpez-Collazo E, et al

Immune mechanisms and pathogenesis Cellular composition of the pancreatic islets The pancreatic islets of Langerhans contain four primary endocrine cell types essential for glucose homeostasis: beta cells (insulin secreting), alpha cells (glucagon secreting), delta cells (somatostatin secreting), and PP or F cells (pancreatic polypeptide secreting)

A mechanism for the action of berberine to activate AMP-activated protein kinase and improve insulin action