Brain energy deficits stemming from poor glucose metabolism are present before the onset of cognitive decline
Exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress can both decrease quality of life and limit activity as a result of fatigue [8]
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Mol Cell Biochem 309:125132 Saengsirisuwan V, Perez FR, Sloniger JA, Maier T, Henriksen EJ (2004) Interactions of exercise training and alpha-lipoic acid on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle of obese zucker rats
It can be speculated that the testosterone treatment may have altered the protein aggregations of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes i.e., supercomplexes (Schagger and Pfeiffer, 2000) and/or increased mitochondrial cristae density (Nielsen et al., 2017) thus enhancing intrinsic mitochondrial respiration as it has been observed following exercise training (Greggio et al., 2017)