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Consider discussing B12 testing with your vet if your dog has: Had chronic or intermittent diarrhoea for more than a few weeks without a clear resolved cause Lost weight progressively despite adequate food intake Been diagnosed with a chronic gut condition, such as inflammatory bowel disease or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency A history of poor early nutrition, such as a recently rescued stray or previously malnourished dog Been through multiple courses of treatment for digestive symptoms without sustained improvement A young dog or puppy that is not developing or gaining weight as expected Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Dogs Vitamin B12 deficiency in dogs is almost always caused by a problem with absorption rather than a lack of B12 in the diet

[7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer

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MIC B12 injections are considered a medical treatment and must be prescribed by a healthcare provider

GSH is also important in limiting and repairing the deleterious actions of NO, but unfortunately GSH levels can be depleted by extremely high concentrations of NO [23]