The wide deficiency prevalence range reported among vegans 5 to 52% in a 2024 Proceedings of the Nutrition Society study reflects the dramatic difference between those who supplement consistently and those who do not
The numbers below come from two places: rodent studies scaled to a human size (allometric scaling) and several years of research community use reports
Use needles of shorter length (4 mm or the shortest available) and smaller diameter (highest gauge number), and the tip with the lowest penetration force to minimize pain
Despite their name, these syringes deliver many types of medications beyond insulin, including testosterone, GLP-1 medications, NAD+, and more
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B12 used to treat or prevent B12 deficiency, which can result from dietary limitations, certain types of anemia, pregnancy, gastrointestinal disorders, or other medical conditions