By 5 mg, the sustained signal approaches the peak produced by a large meal. In diabetes trials, every dose improved insulin sensitivity while reducing the amount of insulin needed. GIP also activates an anti-nausea circuit in the brainstem, which helps offset some of the gastrointestinal burden created by GLP-1. GLP-1R: appetite, tolerability, and heart rate The GLP-1 arm carries appetite suppression, slower stomach emptying, most nausea, and part of the heart-rate signal
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The onset of HF is typically preceded by cardiac hypertrophy, a compensatory hypertrophy of the cardiac myocytes in response to elevated left ventricular (LV) wall stress
Class-level and rare concerns Pancreatitis runs about 0.2% and is not dose-related
Los efectos gastrointestinales son los ms comunes , incluyendo nuseas (12-22% de pacientes), diarrea (12-16%), vmitos (5-9%), estreimiento (6-7%) y dolor abdominal