The company publishes Certificates of Analysis for its BPC-157 products, which it states are tested three times by independent third-party labs for identity, purity, potency, and contaminants including heavy metals, microbial pathogens, residual solvents, and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) contamination
The NADPH generated in red blood cells reduces oxidized glutathione, a tripeptide of sequence -glu-cys-gly, to the sulfhydryl form, catalyzed by glutathione reductase
Additionally, NAD + is required for fatty acid metabolism during -oxidation, glutaminolysis generating -ketoglutarate, mitochondrial shuttling of metabolites, and lactic acid fermentation 3,4,5
In conditions like mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), which frequently co-occurs with dysautonomia and Long COVID, this systemic oxidative stress acts as a constant, irritating trigger
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.705949 Chen G, Che L, Lai M, et al