The alcohol acts as a preservative, preventing the growth of bacteria in the vial after it has been punctured
Vitamin B12 injections are also used by people with impaired vitamin B12 absorption or deficiency called Pernicious anaemia caused by: Inadequate dietary intake of B12 Loss of gastric parietal cells in chronic atrophic gastritis Structural damage or surgical resection of the small intestine or stomach Long-term use of acid regulating medication Alcoholism Gastric banding surgery Celiacs disease Pernicious anaemia Crohns disease Until now, injection of methyl-B12 has required a needle
(6) krlec K, Ruman R, Jarc E, Sikiri P, vajger U, Petan T, Perii Nanut M, trukelj B, Berlec A
TB-500 often given systemically)
Understanding tissue-specific considerations enables protocol refinement beyond generic recommendations