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Stable isotope internal standards oor each chain-length group: d3-C0 (oree carnitine), d3-C2 (acetyl), d3-C3 (propionyl), d3-C8 (octanoyl), d3-C16 (palmitoyl)

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In addition, a defective aquaporin-8 (AQP8) expression in plasma membrane in EIC might be associated with an impairment of the transient osmotic gradients, inducing defective canalicular functional expression of solute transporters together with a reduced canalicular water permeability, and leading to bile secretory dysfunction (Carreras et al., 2007

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with numerous autoimmune diseases and specifically thyroid autoimmune conditions such as Graves disease and Hashimotos disease

Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities were also significantly increased in all NPs-treated groups compared with the control, indicating an upregulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms