Although the exact mechanisms that contribute to diabetic complications remain unclear, it has recently been suggested that disequilibrium between toxic metabolites (e.g., advanced glycation end-products, protein kinase C activation), oxidative stress, and protective endogenous factors (e.g., insulin, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factors, and adiponectin) may play a role in diabetic complications (Jeong and King, 2011)
In: Shiomi N, Waisundara V, editors
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& Schultz-Cherry, S
Several unanswered questions remain regarding: Long-term receptor adaptation Extended safety observations Pharmacokinetic variability Biological mechanisms Combination pathway interactions These questions are common during the development of novel peptide-based compounds