& Gonzalez, A
In addition to its antioxidant activity, GSH has a variety of other functions including regulation of mitochondrial function, iron metabolism, immune cell polarization, cytokine production, and inflammatory signaling (Lu, 2013
Lipton SA, Choi YB, Pan ZH, Lei SZ, Chen HS, Sucher NJ, Loscalzo J, Singel DJ, Stamler JS (1993) A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds
The NFB and MAPK pathways are also implicated in TLR2-mediated inflammation
Additionally, significant off-target effects cause harmful toxicities in healthy cells, which lowers treatment tolerability and worsens patient outcomes