A well-run randomized Phase 2 study is strong evidence of an efficacy signal and a first read on short-to-medium-term safety in a selected population it is why the weight-reduction numbers are credible rather than anecdotal
The water-soluble nature of B12 means toxicity is virtually unknown, as excess is readily excreted renally
Dilshara MG, Jeong JW, Prasad Tharanga Jayasooriya RG, Neelaka Molagoda IM, Lee S, Park SR, Choi YH, Kim GY (2017) Glutamine deprivation sensitizes human breast cancer mda-mb-231 cells to trial-mediated apoptosis
For weight management purposes, B12 injections are not clinically indicated unless deficiency is documented
The gut-brain axis connection means that gut healing reduces systemic inflammation reaching the brain, while direct neurotransmitter effects address mood regulation centrally