In the body, through flavokinase and FAD synthetase, riboflavin is converted to its active forms, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) first, and then flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are essential for the synthesis of various compounds, including niacin, folic acid, vitamin B6, and heme proteins (, , )
Short-term (up to 4 weeks) : Brighter skin tone, better hydration, and increased energy levels Medium-term (13 months) : Reduced hyperpigmentation, more even skin tone, improved immunity, and sharper mental focus Long-term (over 3 months) : More pronounced skin brightening, anti-ageing effects, and liver health support To maintain these outcomes, patients are encouraged to: Stay hydrated by drinking 810 glasses of water daily Follow a diet rich in antioxidant-packed foods Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) every day While the improvements can be impressive, they are not permanent
Glow will return, but safety must come first
Consult a licensed physician for personal medical decisions
Ohkubo, M., Ohta, K., Inoue, K