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L.Y Lee et al

ROS, reactive oxygen species

E-cigarette users can choose from various devices, including temperature control devices, pod systems, and squonk mods, to suit their preferences

But there are other considerations beyond just vaping vs smoking, as smoking alternatives are not limited to vapes

Similar findings come from a 2019 study titled, A Qualitative Analysis of Cannabis Vaporization Among Medical Users. Based on a multi-year analysis of medical marijuana patients in Rhode Island, the authors report: [Our] results indicate that vaping has lower HI (hazard index) and ELCR (excess lifetime cancer risk ) than those of cannabis smoking by several orders of magnitude