They are not risk-freeand nicotine is addictivebut all of them emit significantly lower levels of harmful chemicals compared to the smoke of a burning cigarette.
Two studies [35, 36] not considered in our initial searches did provide data for blood pressure, body weight and cholesterol, while one study [37] provided data for blood pressure and body weight, and one [18] data for biomarkers of aminobiphenyl, naphthalene and toluene, but none of these biomarkers were considered adequate predictors to be considered in a combined analysis
Available online at: (Accessed October 19, 2025)
Passive smoking is just as awful for the babys health
Under long-term complications, chronic smoking accelerates the development of atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits build up in the arteries, leading to chronic cardiovascular issues